Pejuang Perfilman Indonesia


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Puisi "Kita Berusaha" jadi karya dari pejuang perfilman Indonesia yang diketahui dengan nama Usmar Ismail. Sajak-sajaknya bernafaskan cinta tanah air serta penampikan pada penjajahan Belanda. Dia ikut berusaha menjaga kemerdekaan Indonesia dengan jadi tentara. Pangkat paling akhir yang Dia sandang dalam kemiliteran yakni mayor. Walaupun Dia sudah jadi orang militer, tetapi bagian sastra masih ditelateni.


Bersama-sama Cornel Simanjuntak, beliau sempat membuat lagu perjuangan berjudul Pada Pahlawan serta Teguh Kokoh Berlapis Baja. Tidak cuma untuk penyair serta pencipta lagu, Usmar Ismail diketahui untuk produser, sutradara, serta penulis skrip film nasional. Wajar bila kata 'pahlawan' tersemat untuk perjuangannya semenjak waktu jaman dulu.




Riwayat lahir Hari Film Nasional diinisiasi keberadaan Usmar Ismail. Hari pertama pemungutan gambar film Darah & Doa (Long March of Siliwangi) jadi pemrakarsa hari bersejarah itu. Film lokal itu kental dibuat tahun 1950 dengan keunikan Indonesia. Kecuali untuk sutradara filmnya, Dia memproduseri film itu di bawah naungan Perfini (Perusahaan Film Nasional Indonesia). Perusahaan itu dibangun bersama-sama kawan dekatnya, Rosihan Anwar.




Riwayat perfilman Indonesia sendiri telah dari mulai jaman Hindia Belanda. Tetapi, semangat film nasional kembali lagi dibangkitkan Usmar Ismail pada saat kemerdekaan serta kedaulatan Indonesia. Ibaratnya, tonggak riwayat perfilman Indonesia sebetulnya mulai ditancapkan.


Di saat revolusi, Usmar membuat pergerakan "Seniman Merdeka". Dia bersama-sama teman-temannya masuk kampung keluar kampung untuk menyampaikan pidato sekalian menyanyi, main musik, serta agitasi. Maksudnya yakni menghidupkan semangat patriotisme serta revolusi kemerdekaan rakyat Indonesia.


Selesai kemerdekaan dicapai, beberapa orang khususnya beberapa veteran coba hilangkan daya ingat mengenai saat-saat kericuhan pada awal revolusi kemerdekaan. Tetapi, Usmar Ismail memperingatkan saat-saat gelap itu lewat karya Melalui Djam Malam pada tahun 1954. Dia lihat bagaimana beberapa faksi berlatar tentara capai kedudukan tinggi.


Jatuh bangun Usmar Ismail menemani cara kehidupannya. Dia sempat menuntut peredaran film. Film-film import bekas Amerika memimpin waktu putar beberapa gedung-gedung bioskop di semua Indonesia. Penguasa gedung bioskop begitu menganaktirikan film Indonesia. Satu waktu Usmar sangat terpaksa menggedor dengan jalan kekerasan.


Nasib film Indonesia masih jauh dari usaha jadi tuan-rumah di negeri sendiri. Tidak ada kebijaksanaan Pemerintah membuat perlindungan karya anak negeri. Peningkatan kreasi Usmar terhadang sensor yang asal gunting. Berarti, sensor yang dikenai tidak adil serta memasung kemerdekaan kreasi beberapa seniman film.


Iklim politik waktu itu adalah masalah paling berat untuknya. Kecaman-kecaman dari Instansi Kebudayaan Rakyat (Lekrat), organisasi sayap PKI seringkali menderanya. Peredaran Film Tamu Agung serta Film Anak Perawan di Sarang Penyamun dicaci maki oleh PKI sebab Usmar tertuduh untuk kaki tangan imperialis Amerika. Situasi demikian membuat Usmar susah pilih topik dalam tiap filmnya.


Tetapi, Usmar serta team produksi film terus bergerilya. Pada tahun 1956, Dia menghasilkan film Tiga Dara. Indriati Iskak, Mieke Wijaya, serta Chitra Dewi tampil untuk bintang dalam karya legendaris Usmar Ismail itu. Melalui film Tiga Dara, Dia menggedor pertimbangan produser yang cuma memikir masalah komersial saja. Keuntungan materi bukan arah penting Usmar Ismail dalam membuat film.


Lokasi: Indonesia

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